A S P E C T S - a monthly devotional journal For subscription information on receiving Aspects every month via e-mail, or the laser-printed edition by mail, see NOTES, COPYRIGHT & SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION near the end of this file. Aspects is written by David S. Lampel. ----------------------------------------------------------------- Issue #23, October 1992 (Internet Edition) H E L O V E D T H E M T O T H E E N D ----------------------------------------------------------------- In this issue: Perspective - Look For a Man Carrying a Jar of Water Perspective - Winding Down Perspective - Dying Wasn't Enough Perspective - A Life Poorly Spent Perspective - I Never Called Him Lord Perspective - Tears in the Sand ----------------------------------------------------------------- Then one of the Twelve--the one called Judas Iscariot--went to the chief priests and asked, "What are you willing to give me if I hand him over to you?" So they counted out for him thirty silver coins. From then on Judas watched for an opportunity to hand him over. On the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the disciples came to Jesus and asked, "Where do you want us to make preparations for you to eat the Passover?" He replied, "Go into the city to a certain man and tell him, 'The Teacher says: My appointed time is near. I am going to celebrate the Passover with my disciples at your house.'" So the disciples did as Jesus had directed them and prepared the Passover. When evening came, Jesus was reclining at the table with the Twelve. And while they were eating, he said, "I tell you the truth, one of you will betray me." They were very sad and began to say to him one after the other, "Surely not I, Lord?" Jesus replied, "The one who has dipped his hand into the bowl with me will betray me. The Son of Man will go just as it is written about him. But woe to that man who betrays the Son of Man! It would be better for him if he had not been born." Then Judas, the one who would betray him, said, "Surely not I, Rabbi?" Jesus answered, "Yes, it is you." While they were eating, Jesus took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to his disciples, saying, "Take and eat; this is my body." Then he took the cup, gave thanks and offered it to them, saying, "Drink from it, all of you. This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins. I tell you, I will not drink of this fruit of the vine from now on until that day when I drink it anew with you in my Father's kingdom." When they had sung a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives. Then Jesus told them, "This very night you will all fall away on account of me, for it is written: "'I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.' But after I have risen, I will go ahead of you into Galilee." Peter replied, "Even if all fall away on account of you, I never will." "I tell you the truth," Jesus answered, "this very night, before the rooster crows, you will disown me three times." But Peter declared, "Even if I have to die with you, I will never disown you." And all the other disciples said the same. (2) ________________________ Are you a friend to Jesus? Why, yes, you say. I know Him personally. Jesus is my personal Savior. He's my friend . . . Jesus is all the world to me, my life, my joy, my all; He is my strength from day to day, without Him I would fall. When I am sad to Him I go, no other one can cheer me so; When I am sad He makes me glad, He's my friend. (1) Okay, that answers the question: Is Jesus a friend to you? But are you a friend to Jesus? Well, sure, you say. I have publicly associated myself with Him. I have acknowledged Jesus as my Savior and Lord. I am a part of His body, the church. He is Lord. That's an important stand to take. But that answers the question: Are you a friend of Jesus? Let's try it one more time: Are you a friend to Jesus? What's the difference? you ask. Do you know Him, or just know who He is? Do you care about Jesus as you do your best friend--comforting, caring, sustaining, cheering? Do you feel His pain as intensely as your own? Could Jesus sing that verse about you? _____ is all the world to me, my life, my joy, my all; She is my strength from day to day, without her I would fall. When I am sad to her I go, no other one can cheer me so; When I am sad _____ makes me glad, she's my friend. There is no verse in the Bible that calls us to "make Jesus our personal Savior" or "accept Him as our personal Savior." Jesus is, indeed, a very personal, intimate Savior--a fact that has little to do with us, but everything to do with Him. Jesus has never been a Wizard of Oz kind of Lord. He has never set Himself apart from us with flashing fire, crashing gong and billows of rolling smoke. He has never secreted Himself in a closet to push buttons and pull levers on our behalf. Jesus is a close, intimate, hands-on kind of Lord. We already have a God we cannot touch. Our heavenly Father is unspeakable holiness, in the presence of which Isaiah exclaimed: "I am about to die!" (3) But with His holiness, God the Father still desired a personal relationship with His children, so He sent Jesus to be that point of contact. Time and again Jesus demonstrates this personal aspect of His nature: Dining with the sinners at Matthew's house, (4) touching the leper in order to heal him, (5) physically throwing the money-changers out of the temple and overturning their tables. (6) We can hear it even on the road to Damascus. Saul has been actively pursuing and murdering those who follow Jesus, when he is stopped and struck blind by the light of Christ. Again, it is personal, when Jesus asks him: "Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting Me?" (7) Jesus was given so that we might touch God. He was given so that God could more personally touch us. The very existence of Jesus in the eternal tapestry speaks of God loving His people. Jesus is a touchable Lord. But how can we call Jesus Lord, if we don't understand what He went through to become our Savior? How can we say He is our personal Savior when we haven't walked alongside Him, felt His pain, wiped the sweat and blood from His brow? There is not just one kind of relationship with Christ--just as there is not just one kind of relationship with God. There is milk, and there is meat. You can call yourself a Christian--and be one--and still keep Jesus at arm's length. You can acknowledge the fact that He is God, and that He died for your sins, and still not know Him very well. So I ask again: Are you a friend to Jesus? ----------------------------------------------------------------- Perspective - L O O K F O R A M A N C A R R Y I N G A J A R O F W A T E R ------------- Watch the news, if you dare. Our world is in (as Oliver Hardy would say) another fine mess. The world economy is teetering on the precipice; tiny black children are dying in their dying mother's arms, while other children die before they see the light of day; with the close of the Cold War, more wars have broken out than ever before; and our country is preoccupied with the question of whether we will have two or three choices this November as we go to the polls. We live in a time when world leaders claw at each other from behind a mask of civility. It is a time of national, regional--even world-wide--upheaval. Jesus would feel right at home. The affairs of His world in AD 33 were in a similar mess. Rome was master of much of the known world; what it didn't own, it didn't want. Tiberius had retired to the Isle of Capri in AD 26, leaving Rome in the hands of his cunningly malicious praetorian prefect, Sejanus (who, for his cunning, was assassinated a few years later). The great ancient civilizations--Egypt, most of Mesopotamia--as well as the later civilizations of Greece, Germany, Britannia, Spain, Macedonia--were all under its thumb. In the same year that he retired to Capri, the emperor Tiberius appointed Pontius Pilate to be the next prefect of a slender land called Judaea, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean. Herod the Tetrarch (Antipas) reigned as "king" (friend and ally of Rome) with the blessings of the Emperor. The Jews, while generally united in their hatred of Roman tyranny, were divided on a method by which to fight against it. Various religious factions--Sadducees, Pharisees, Essenes, Zealots--meanwhile subdivided the very foundation of the Jewish people: their faith. Washing over this epoch like a pervasive fog was a centuries-old Jewish expectation of the Annointed One--the Messiah who would deliver them from the pain and heartache of Roman (or any other foreign) rule. The land abounded in false prophets, teachers and garden-variety Messiahs; some people--including the Jewish rulers--saw Jesus as nothing more than the next imposter. O Come, O come, Emmanuel, And ransom captive Israel, That mourns in lonely exile here, Until the Son of God appear. (8) ________________________ Jesus had patiently prepared His disciples. He had told them in clear, precise terms that He would soon be put to death. Jesus knew this Passover would be His last on earth. When Jesus had finished saying all these things, he said to his disciples, "As you know, the Passover is two days away--and the Son of Man will be handed over to be crucified." (9) Because they were staying outside the city, His disciples asked Jesus where in Jerusalem they should prepare for their Passover meal. They would need to see to it right away, as it was required that the traditional meal of roasted lamb, unleavened bread and bitter herbs be consumed that very evening, between sundown and midnight. Jesus sent Peter and John, saying, "Go and make preparations for us to eat the Passover." "Where do you want us to prepare for it?" they asked. He replied, "As you enter the city, a man carrying a jar of water will meet you. Follow him to the house that he enters, and say to the owner of the house, 'The Teacher asks: Where is the guest room, where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?' He will show you a large upper room, all furnished. Make preparations there." They left and found things just as Jesus had told them. So they prepared the Passover. (10) Peter and John would have had no trouble locating the man they were to follow; women were typically the ones who carried jugs of water, not men. "When a person ascended to the second story by the stairs, he found that the chambers were large and airy, and often furnished with much more elegance than the rooms below. These upper rooms were also higher and larger than the lower rooms, projecting over the lower part of the building so that their windows hung over the street. They were secluded, spacious, and very comfortable." (11) Jerusalem was probably quiet as Jesus and the twelve gathered in this upper room; families across the city would be busy with the very same preparations. Why do we get the feeling that the disciples saw this as just another Passover? Jesus had repeatedly told them what was about to happen, but soon they would be wasting their time with such ridiculous activities as arguing over who was the greatest among them. When the hour came, Jesus and his apostles reclined at the table. (12) ----------------------------------------------------------------- Perspective - W I N D I N G D O W N ------------- Governor Bill Clinton and President George Bush are presently campaigning full time. Their days are non-stop speechifying, pressing the flesh, kissing babies and smiling all the while. When they retire to the bus or plane, to move to the next spot, they still must be on as they field questions from the flock of pecking reporters. No matter how much you jog and eat your bran flakes--no matter how badly you want to be the leader of the free world--the process has got to wear you down. As Jesus leaned His elbow into the cushion that Thursday evening, as His disciples' conversation buzzed about Him like a swarm of distracting bees, as He glanced around the room at their faces: James, Thomas, Andrew, Philip, Nathanael, Matthew, Simon, James bar Alphaeus, Thaddaeus; next to Jesus, John; on the other side of John, Peter; within arm's reach, Judas--as Jesus prepared for what would be His last earthly meal, He had to feel exhausted from the work of His last 3 years. His had been a campaign--not for office, but for the hearts of His people. He had been constantly on the go, with people clamoring, clawing after Him, demanding His time and His touch. The persistent crowds followed after Him everywhere He went, hanging on every word, challenging Him, questioning Him, loving Him. His diety did not keep His body from exhaustion; His relationship with God the Father did not shelter Him from the weakness of flesh. So from time to time Jesus would break away from the crowd to spend quiet and restorative time with His Father. So Jesus may have been feeling no small sense of relief that the day had arrived. In any case, He had been looking forward to the last meal with His followers: And He said to them, "I have earnestly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer." (13) Into the Word ------------- MAT 14:23 _________________________ MAR 6:46 _________________________ LUK 4:42 _________________________ LUK 6:12 _________________________ LUK 9:28 _________________________ LUK 11:1 _________________________ ----------------------------------------------------------------- Perspective - D Y I N G W A S N ' T E N O U G H ------------- In a recent episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation, Data the android learns that at some point in the near future he will "die" in San Francisco. All of his friends and co-workers on the Enterprise express great sadness over the news--and wonder why he is not, likewise, depressed. Data, with his cool, logical manner, patiently explains to his friends that in actuality the news has brought him considerable relief--even happiness. He has always strived to be more human--at least to know what it is like being human. As an android, he had anticipated centuries of existence, all the while repeatedly gaining and losing friends as they would die very natural, human deaths. This was a constant reminder to him of his own inhumanity. With the knowledge of his own imminent demise, Data could now be comforted by knowing he would have the ultimate experience of humanity: to die. ________________________ Jesus is God. He has always been God, and He always will be God. Jesus was still God during that brief blink of time in which He inhabited flesh and walked among man. There are at least two things of which God has no practical experience: birth and death. Those who make up the Trinity have always been, and They always will be. Jesus was sent to live among men so that God (through Jesus) might know what it is like being flesh and mortal. (14) So Jesus was born. He did not magically appear in a puff of smoke but was born in the same manner as every other person on earth--the only difference being that He retained His purity by being born of a virgin. Now Jesus knew what it was like to be born, to be a child, to run and play and get called for supper, to stub his toe and pull a little girl's hair; He knew what it was like to be bone-weary at the end of the day, to lay on His back and count the stars, to share intimacies with a close friend; He knew what it was to be scorned, ridiculed, run out of town, to be angry, and to weep. But it was left for Jesus to know what it was to die. It wasn't enough for Him to die, to become the sacrifice of redemption for all of humanity; it was necessary for Jesus to suffer--beyond that, to actually anticipate His own death. I wonder what it felt like, getting up that morning, knowing that by the end of the day He would be arrested, and on that downward spiral toward His death. A murderer waking up on the morning of his execution knows that he has committed an act that has brought him to this moment. Whether he actually believes that he deserves the death penalty or no, the murderer at least knows that in the eyes of society he has done something to merit that end. I wonder what it felt like, rising that morning with His disciples, yawning and rubbing the sleep from His eyes, and knowing that by the end of the day they would have all abandoned Him. Most will swear their allegiance many times during the waning hours of the day, but not one of them will remain. Jesus had done nothing to deserve this treatment. He had done nothing under the law of the day to merit His execution; Jesus would be put to death under trumped-up charges. He had done nothing to deserve the treatment He would receive from His own men; they would abandon Him for purely selfish and self-serving reasons, lurking in the shadows, actively denying their allegiance to Jesus. And part of His suffering was to know that it would all take place. What Could They Have Done? --------------------------- We note that the disciples abandoned Jesus. He said Himself that they would "all fall away." But what could they have done differently? Peter at least defended Jesus by attacking the high priest's slave; what else could he have done? Matthew was a tax gatherer by trade; what should he have done when Jesus was arrested? Many were fishermen, none were professional soldiers. What would we have them do to gain our respect in this hour? Before the Battle ----------------- "Jesus knew that before the war was over, he would be taken captive. He knew that before victory would come defeat. He knew that before the throne would come the cup. He knew that before the light of Sunday would come the blackness of Friday. "And he is afraid." (15) ________________________ How does it make you feel to realize that Jesus was afraid? Why? Read MAT 26:36-46 (p7). How does Jesus describe his anguish of soul? What does his posture tell you? In what way were the events described in this passage like a battle? ----------------------------------------------------------------- Perspective - A L I F E P O O R L Y S P E N T ------------- Don't we love to compare ourselves to Peter! The fisherman is gruff, outspoken, a bit naive, a lot impetuous, but inevitably lovable. He is the first to stick his foot in his mouth, but also the first to exclaim the Lordship of Christ. His denial of Jesus is faithfully recorded, but so is his immediate, physical defense. In Peter we see our own good intentions played out against the opaque scrim of our flawed humanity. We love him as we love ourselves: warts and all. So where in our vast reservoir of personality do we place Judas? It's too convenient to simply splash black paint over the character of Judas and label him the villain of the story. He was a man, called by Jesus to be a disciple, who walked with Him in ministry for three years. One of those days Jesus went out to a mountainside to pray, and spent the night praying to God. When morning came, he called his disciples to him and chose twelve of them, whom he also designated apostles: Simon (whom he named Peter), his brother Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James son of Alphaeus, Simon who was called the Zealot, Judas son of James, and Judas Iscariot, who became a traitor. (16) ________________________ "O villains, vipers, damn'd without redemption! Dogs, easily won to fawn on any man! Snakes, in my heart-blood warm'd, that sting my heart! Three Judases, each one thrice worse than Judas! Would they make peace? terrible hell make war Upon their spotted souls for this offence!" (17) "That's convenient, of course. It makes Judas a queer duck, a treacherous gangster, a dirty hoodlum with whom we have nothing to do. In reality you may brush shoulders with him in any crowd; you may be doing business with him daily. He may even be sitting next to you in church! He was an apostle." (18) ________________________ Judas was not born evil. He was born with the same rations of innocence, nobility, cuteness, temper, guile, joy, anger, petulance, ambition, greed, generosity, selfishness, righteousness and "bent toward sinning" as you and I. When Judas, who had betrayed him, saw that Jesus was condemned, he was seized with remorse and returned the thirty silver coins to the chief priests and the elders. "I have sinned," he said, "for I have betrayed innocent blood." "What is that to us?" they replied. "That's your responsibility." So Judas threw the money into the temple and left. Then he went away and hanged himself. (19) ________________________ I NEVER CALLED HIM LORD The Time: Eternity The Place: Hell The tortured remains of Judas Iscariot cry out from their eternity. The devil's pawn. His best man. Once paid handsomely for his deceit, he now pays with his soul in torment. Hear the voice of one who made the wrong choice. Heed his wisdom. [Judas Iscariot bursts in. As he comes through the door he is screaming at someone--or something--behind him. Judas has a tormented, pale and harried look to him.] JUDAS: Leave me alone! For once, just leave me alone! Get away from me! [In a panicked, paranoiac state, he stumbles to center stage, furtively glancing behind him, his back to the audience. He senses their presence and slowly, cringingly, turns.] (stammering) Why are you looking at.......stop staring at me! Were you there?! (pause; giggling insanely) What's the matter? Do you feel uncomfortable in my presence? (with contempt) I'm nothing more than those things you keep hidden.....nothing less than those things you choose to reveal. (more calmly) I could just as easily have gone the other way, you know. If I am, indeed, the worst it only means I had the potential to be the best. (in anguish; screaming in reply to the voices in his head) I know! I know I crucified Him! I might as well have driven the nails into Him myself. (with disgust) Worse. I hadn't the courage to see it that far. I took the easy way out of it--before He even reached the cross. Go ahead. I deserve your contempt. But be careful; if you condemn me you run the risk of condemning yourself. And remember: In your times of deepest shame, you have not approached the remorse I felt that morning. (quieter; exhausted) There's no explanation that you'll understand. I know the explanation and I don't understand. (fearfully) Where I live now (furtively glancing back at the door) there is no understanding. There is no reasoning. (pause) But I tell you this: The options I had then are still available to you. You, too, can go either way. At first I blamed it all on Satan--and it's true, he came into me and pressed me into his service. But who opened the door to my heart? Who made the choice? (pause) Don't make me into some hideous monster. Don't make me darker than I really am-- some image of evil incarnate. I was only a man, only flesh and blood like you. I held no secret power of evil. I just let evil have its power over me. I was only a man. Jesus called me along with the others. I was one of the twelve. But I thought myself smarter than the rest. More intellectual. I felt I was above all this (with arrogance) silly adoration of someone who was, after all, only a man . . . . (with great sadness) I never called Him 'Lord'. My highest praise for Him was 'Rabbi'. (pause) I never gave Him control over my life, my being. I always held some back. (building to a high pitch) And by holding some back I gave entrance to Satan himself! My pride would not allow me to give it all to Jesus....to let Him be my Lord. So Satan took over the emptiness in my heart. (building again) He filled me with his evil.......and took away my heart. (crying) Don't let him have yours! Don't let it happen to you! [Screaming, Judas runs off the stage toward the door through which he entered. He jerks it open, hesitates, then returns to his personal hell.] (20) ----------------------------------------------------------------- Perspective - T E A R S I N T H E S A N D ------------- Then Jesus went with his disciples to a place called Gethsemane, and he said to them, "Sit here while I go over there and pray." He took Peter and the two sons of Zebedee along with him, and he began to be sorrowful and troubled. Then he said to them, "My soul is overwhelmed with sorrow to the point of death. Stay here and keep watch with me." Going a little farther, he fell with his face to the ground and prayed, "My Father, if it is possible, may this cup be taken from me. Yet not as I will, but as you will." Then he returned to his disciples and found them sleeping. "Could you men not keep watch with me for one hour?" he asked Peter. "Watch and pray so that you will not fall into temptation. The spirit is willing, but the body is weak." He went away a second time and prayed, "My Father, if it is not possible for this cup to be taken away unless I drink it, may your will be done." When he came back, he again found them sleeping, because their eyes were heavy. So he left them and went away once more and prayed the third time, saying the same thing. Then he returned to the disciples and said to them, "Are you still sleeping and resting? Look, the hour is near, and the Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners. Rise, let us go! Here comes my betrayer!" (21) ________________________ Jesus and the disciples left the city, headed East, beyond the Kidron valley, to a grove of olive trees that had become a home for the group. Here they would listen to Jesus, take their meals and spend the night. Here Jesus spent His final moments with the remaining eleven disciples, speaking to them of His love, His death, His future. Then He asked Peter, John and James to accompany Him a little further to a garden called Gethsemane, where probably could be found the press that processed the olives grown at the Mount. (22) Walk beside Jesus those last few steps. How His heart must have felt pressed and broken as He made His way toward His final moments of freedom. He could never reclaim those quiet, intimate moments spent with His disciples; no more could He illuminate for them the Father's heart while they ambled together down the dusty roads of Galilee. How He loved them as His own children! And how His heart would break as they would soon abandon Him, leaving Jesus in the hands of the chief priest and elders. . . . who, in the days of His flesh, when He had offered up prayers and supplications, with vehement cries and tears to Him who was able to save Him from death, and was heard because of His godly fear, though He was a Son, yet He learned obedience by the things which He suffered. And having been perfected, He became the author of eternal salvation to all who obey Him . . . (23) The one who had sold Him out was already on his way to complete the transaction. Soon His closest earthly friends would bolt into the night, forsaking Him in favor of their own safety. His dearest child, the one in whom He had entrusted the keys to His kingdom, would, in a matter of hours, be cursing in the language of the street as he would violently deny even knowing this Jesus the Nazarene. Jesus would be laughed at, screamed at, ridiculed, spat upon, stripped naked, savagely beaten, stabbed, pierced with spikes, and left to die a miserable, humiliating death upon a Roman cross. And He would love them to the end. ________________________ Be Exalted, O God I will give thanks to Thee, O Lord, among the people. I will sing praises to Thee among the nations. For Thy steadfast love is great, is great to the heavens; And Thy faithfulness, Thy faithfulness to the clouds. Be exalted, O God, above the heavens; Let Thy glory be over all the earth. Be exalted, O God, above the heavens; Let Thy glory be over all the earth. (24) ======================================================================== NOTES, COPYRIGHT & SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION Notes ----- 1 Jesus is All the World to Me, Will L. Thompson, Hymn #510 in The Hymnal for Worship & Celebration (WORD, 1986). 2 MAT 26:14-35. 3 ISA 6:5 (my paraphrase). 4 MAT 9:9-13. 5 MAT 8:2-3. 6 MAR 11:15-16. 7 ACT 9:3-5 (my italics). 8 O Come, O Come, Emmanuel, Latin Hymn, Hymn #123 in The Hymnal for Worship & Celebration (WORD, 1986). 9 MAT 26:1-2. 10 LUK 22:8-13. 11 The Bible Almanac (Thomas Nelson, 1980), p.489. 12 LUK 22:14. 13 LUK 22:15 NASB. 14 HEB 2:14-18; 4:14-15. 15 These thoughts and questions are from And the Angels Were Silent (Multnomah Press, 1992), the new book by Max Lucado, author of the popular No Wonder They Call Him the Savior. 16 LUK 6:12-16. 17 William Shakespeare, Richard II, III,ii,129. 18 H.S. Vigeveno, in his book Thirteen Men Who Changed the World (Regal, 1966), p83. 19 MAT 27:3-5. 20 I Never Called Him Lord, Copyright c 1985, 1990, 1992 David S. Lampel; Page 19 in the His Company Catalog, Order #MON2. 21 MAT 26:36-46. 22 Gethsemane: from Amamaic gat semen,'an oil press'. 23 HEB 5:7-9 NKJV. 24 Brent Chambers, Hymn #5 in The Hymnal for Worship & Celebration (WORD, 1986). Copyright Information --------------------- All original material in Aspects is Copyright (C) 1995 David S. Lampel. This data file is the sole property of David S. Lampel. It may not be altered or edited in any way. It may be reproduced only in its entirety for circulation as "freeware," without charge. All reproductions of this data file must contain the copyright notice (i.e., "Copyright (C) 1995 David S. Lampel."). This data file may not be used without the permission of David S. Lampel for resale or the enhancement of any other product sold. This includes all of its content. Brief quotations not to exceed more than 500 words may be used, with the appropriate copyright notice, to enhance or supplement personal or church devotions, newsletters, journals, or spoken messages. Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture is from the New International Version. NIV quotations are from the Holy Bible: New International Version, Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984 by the International Bible Society. Used by permission. NASB quotations are from the New American Standard Bible (C) 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977 by The Lockman Foundation. Subscription Information ------------------------ Aspects is published monthly. There are two preferred methods of receiving it on a regular basis: 1) You may subscribe to the laser-printed (hard copy) edition, which is sent out via regular mail. 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